EN

01/07

Can something as abstract as letters — simple signs that visually represent sounds — have anything to do with gender?



At first glance, typography seems neutral. It’s a tool, a means of communication. But just like every other area of design, typography has always been shaped by cultural, political, social, and aesthetic forces — including those related to gender.



It’s no revelation that letters communicate more than just words. If they didn’t, we wouldn’t care so much about picking the right font for wedding invitations, logos, or posters. We know letterforms matter. But do our brains, when reading a sign or headline, quietly start a round of Guess Who? — assigning personalities, traits, even gender to the shapes?




A quick Google search for “masculine font” or “feminine font” brings back clear results. This shows how deeply such categories are rooted in our collective imagination. Research confirms this too+ — people often judge typefaces through the lens of dominant cultural narratives.




But does it have to be this way? What makes us read gender into letters in the first place? Are there visual qualities that make some typefaces feel “masculine” or “feminine”? And if so — where do those associations come from, and are they truly universal?




Let’s look for a moment where these patterns can be questioned. Is it possible to design letterforms beyond gendered divides — not to reproduce cultural clichés, but to create new spaces for expression and identity?

Can something as abstract as letters — simple signs that visually represent sounds — have anything to do with gender?



At first glance, typography seems neutral. It’s a tool, a means of communication. But just like every other area of design, typography has always been shaped by cultural, political, social, and aesthetic forces — including those related to gender.



At first glance, typography seems neutral. It’s a tool, a means of communication. But just like every other area of design, typography has always been shaped by cultural, political, social, and aesthetic forces — including those related to gender.



A quick Google search for “masculine font” or “feminine font” brings back clear results. This shows how deeply such categories are rooted in our collective imagination. Research confirms this too+ — people often judge typefaces through the lens of dominant cultural narratives.



But does it have to be this way? What makes us read gender into letters in the first place? Are there visual qualities that make some typefaces feel “masculine” or “feminine”? And if so — where do those associations come from, and are they truly universal?




Let’s look for a moment where these patterns can be questioned. Is it possible to design letterforms beyond gendered divides — not to reproduce cultural

Do Letters Have Gender?

Do Letters
Have Gender?

02/07

Type may seem like a minor thing — a decorative choice, an aesthetic flourish, something easy to ignore. But today, we’re not only constant consumers of typography — we’re also its active users. In the era of smartphones and social media, nearly everyone spends hours interacting with type daily. Most of us are also, in some sense, designers.


They are designing. And not in a vague, generic sense: they are performing the very same activity as that of a graphic designer, that is, manipulating symbols and pushing pixels around – using just their thumbs.+

In this context, typography plays a bigger role than it might seem. It’s no longer just a graphic designer’s concern. How letters look shapes our emotions and decisions — even when we don’t realize it.





We are all type consumers and typefaces, or fonts, play a vital role in our everyday lives. They help us to navigate, they help us to make choices, they help us to shop, they keep us safe and sometimes they even play a game of sleight of hand.+




And we now have nearly unlimited access to create, distribute, choose, and implement type. Thousands of new fonts are created every year and spread globally through digital platforms.


But is this freedom of choice as real as it seems? Or are we still moving within inherited patterns — merely repeating and remixing existing conventions?

It's Just a Font, Right?

It's Just
a Font, Right?

03/07

At their most basic level, letters are made of simple shapes: lines, curves, angles. Circles, squares, triangles. Can something so elementary carry deeper meaning? Can these forms evoke associations with emotions, social roles — even gender?



Our perception of simple shapes isn’t purely mechanical. The brain doesn’t just register form — it immediately layers it with meaning. One of the most cited examples is the bouba–kiki effect+.



In this experiment, participants are shown two abstract shapes — one soft and round, the other sharp and angular — and asked to match them with two names: bouba and kiki. The results are strikingly consistent: most people match bouba with the soft shape, and kiki with the sharp one.+



Similar findings come from a 1993 study by Liu and Kennedy+. Participants attributed emotional and social qualities to basic geometric forms. The circle was linked to softness, lightness, joy, kindness — even motherhood and love. The square stood for hardness, heaviness, sadness, rigidity — and also fatherhood and anger.



Even the simplest forms are deeply culturally encoded. Geometric foundations don’t exist in a vacuum. They’re filtered through our brains in ways shaped by wider emotional, social, and gendered frameworks.
What seems like mere graphic form becomes a surface where aesthetics, culture, and identity intersect.

The Psychology of Perception

The Psychology

of Perception

04/07

Our attention — how we look, for how long, where our eyes go — has become a measurable, marketable asset. With public space commercialized, and private space increasingly digital, we’re constantly bombarded by visual stimuli. Visual communication is now a key tool of influence.



Politics offers a striking case study, where design choices go beyond aesthetics. Even typefaces are selected strategically to appeal to certain voters. In the U.S., research+ shows Republicans and Democrats respond to different typographic styles. Serif fonts are associated with conservatism; sans-serifs with modernity. Women tend to prefer script or handwritten type, while men lean toward more geometric, stable fonts.



The MAGA hat (Make America Great Again) became a symbol of this new era — both politically and visually. It wasn’t designed by a professional. A generic serif font was used, matching a conservative aesthetic and echoing stereotypical associations with masculinity and tradition. No one worried about spacing or kerning. Initially, professional designers dismissed it entirely.+



A stark contrast appeared in Kamala Harris’s unofficial campaign branding, inspired by the album cover of Charli XCX’s BRAT. Set in plain black Arial, it seemed neutral — but that neutrality was its strength. Stripped-down, raw, and minimalist, it aligned with the album’s energy: no ornament, just presence. Ordinary, accessible, authentic.

Our attention — how we look, for how long, where our eyes go — has become a measurable, marketable asset. With public space commercialized, and private space increasingly digital, we’re constantly bombarded by visual stimuli. Visual communication is now a key tool of influence.



Politics offers a striking case study, where design choices go beyond aesthetics. Even typefaces are selected strategically to appeal to certain voters. In the U.S., research+ shows Republicans and Democrats respond to different typographic styles. Serif fonts are associated with conservatism; sans-serifs with modernity. Women tend to prefer script or handwritten type, while men lean toward more geometric, stable fonts.



The MAGA hat (Make America Great Again) became a symbol of this new era — both politically and visually. It wasn’t designed by a professional. A generic serif font was used, matching a conservative aesthetic and echoing stereotypical associations with masculinity and tradition. No one worried about spacing or kerning. Initially, professional designers dismissed it entirely.+



A stark contrast appeared in Kamala Harris’s unofficial campaign branding, inspired by the album cover of Charli XCX’s BRAT. Set in plain black Arial, it seemed neutral — but that neutrality was its strength. Stripped-down, raw, and minimalist, it aligned with the album’s energy: no ornament, just presence. Ordinary, accessible, authentic.

Visual Culture

Visual Culture

05/07

Gendered perception in typography doesn’t have to be a negative force. Visual communication that breaks stereotypes shouldn’t erase these codes completely — but rather redefine them. It can offer new ways to tell visual stories and expand expressive possibilities.
Today’s understanding of gender in type often rests on binaries — XX/XY. But a more fluid perspective lets us see it as a full circle.



Visual language, including typography, doesn’t exist in a vacuum. The shape, rhythm, and tone of letters are part of the same cultural systems that shape how we perceive gender day to day. Graphic design shouldn’t just replicate these systems. It should challenge and rewrite them.
As designers, we work with tools that shape how the world is represented. Maybe change starts with something simple — like asking: who’s behind the letters?



Experimental typography can draw from many sources. Geometric foundations offer stability without limiting expression. Opposing qualities — simplicity and complexity, regularity and unpredictability — can coexist in one project, creating layers of meaning. Organic structures introduce dynamics that challenge our craving for symmetry and control. And technology opens new experimental spaces where nature and digitality don’t exclude each other, but support one another.




What new forms can the familiar A–Z take when we fully embrace unexpected connections? Maybe it’s time to question the old serifs — and dare to design new ones.

Gendered perception in typography doesn’t have to be a negative force. Visual communication that breaks stereotypes shouldn’t erase these codes completely — but rather redefine them. It can offer new ways to tell visual stories and expand expressive possibilities.
Today’s understanding of gender in type often rests on binaries — XX/XY. But a more fluid perspective lets us see it as a full circle.



Visual language, including typography, doesn’t exist in a vacuum. The shape, rhythm, and tone of letters are part of the same cultural systems that shape how we perceive gender day to day. Graphic design shouldn’t just replicate these systems. It should challenge and rewrite them.
As designers, we work with tools that shape how the world is represented. Maybe change starts with something simple — like asking: who’s behind the letters?



Experimental typography can draw from many sources. Geometric foundations offer stability without limiting expression. Opposing qualities — simplicity and complexity, regularity and unpredictability — can coexist in one project, creating layers of meaning. Organic structures introduce dynamics that challenge our craving for symmetry and control. And technology opens new experimental spaces where nature and digitality don’t exclude each other, but support one another.



Redefining the Codes

Redefining
the Codes

PORTFOLIO

PORTFOLIO

Awareness of who conducts the research and reflection is essential for transparency and analytical integrity. In order to approach the topic responsibly — while recognizing my own social and cultural limitations — I situated the object of my analysis within a Western cultural context. It's important for me to emphasize that the Latin alphabet is just one of many parallel visual traditions. This means my conclusions do not apply to writing systems like Cyrillic, Greek, or other non-Latin scripts, which belong to distinct visual and semantic traditions.



In everyday life, I love dogs and designing on grids. My work spans a broad range of design: a mix of graphic design, zines, film, and anything that opens up space for creative experimentation. At the core of everything I do is a critical perspective on the contemporary world. I’m drawn to projects that carry genuine social impact.

Zofia Kuryło

Zofia Kuryło

WARSAW, 2025

TYPEFACES

ONLYSANS is a typeface designed by Berlin-based typographer Daria Cohen.

INCLUSIVE SANS was created with accessibility and legibility in mind by Olivia King in Sydney, Australia.

TYPEFACES

ONLYSANS is a typeface designed by Berlin-based typographer Daria Cohen.

INCLUSIVE SANS was created with accessibility and legibility in mind by Olivia King in Sydney, Australia.

THE GENDER OF TYPE – A ZINE EXPLORING GENDER IN TYPOGRAPHY



Diploma project
Communication Design,

 School of Form, SWPS University in Warsaw



This project was created under the guidance of Paweł Starzec
and Honza Zamojski

THE GENDER OF TYPE – A ZINE EXPLORING GENDER IN TYPOGRAPHY



Diploma project

Communication Design, Design

School of Form, Uniwersytet SWPS in Warsaw



This project was created under
the guidance of Paweł Starzec
and Honza Zamojski

About the project

About the project

07/07